p. 44: Fig. 23. Showing the crossing of the Glenn-Colusa Ditch over Stony Creek [ crude map]

Stony Creek, in Tehama County: This is also a branch on the west side which joins the Sacramento River near the town of Hamilton [p. -- 45 --] Formerly there was a spring and fall run in this stream, but now there is neither, as the stream is dry except during the rainy season.

There are two dams on this stream. The Orland Project Dam, owned by the U.S. Reclamation Service and located 4 miles west of Stonyford, is 20 feet high and was built about 1914. The water is used for irrigation around Orland. Another dam on Big Stony Creek is 90 feet high, which is too high for a fish ladder.

The Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District pumps water from the Sacramento River above Hamilton. There are no screens on the pumps and small fish are pumped into the large canal, which crosses Stony Creek below Hamilton. The company has thrown up a temporary dam with a solid base across Stony Creek so that the irrigation water can cross the stream. (See Fig. 23) There are gates on each side of Stony Creek where the canal crosses to control the creek water in flood time. Dredges are kept there to keep the canal clear, across Stony Creek, during the summer and fall. The dam usually is washed out in high water. Any water that may run in Stony Creek during the irrigation season is diverted into the Glenn-Colusa Canal. Salmon have no chance of getting up this stream now, even if there were any water.

From reports, Stony Creek, before irrigation dams were put in, was a very good salmon stream, but now no salmon can go up the creek as there is no water, as explained above."

[No specific references or footnotes; requests to CDFG regarding those "From reports" not yet fruitful.]

p. 20 [Executive Summary]
Table 4, Evaluation Action to Determine Habitat Needs for Anadromous Fish
Priority C-2 Investigate the reasibility of obtaining adequate stream flows for salmon in Stony Creek - No [cost] Estimate

p. 21
Priority C-2 Investigate the feasibility of constucting a siphon at the Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District canal crossing on Stony Creek, No [cost] Estimate
- - -
p. VII-70 STONY CREEK
Stony Creek is a westside stream originating in the Coast Range and draining into the Sacramento River south of Hamilton City (Figure VII-5). There are three storage reservoirs in the watershed. The lowermost dam, Black Butte, is a barrier to anadromous fish. The Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District canal crosses Stony Creek downstream of Black Butte Dam and consists of a seasonable gravel dam constructed across the creek on the downstream side of the canal. This crossing not only allows the canal to continue flowing south but it also allows capture of Stony Creek water and is a complete barrier to salmon migration.

Stony Creek supports fall-run chinook salmon in years when flow reaches the Sacramento River and adult fish are able to migrate into the creek to spawn. Excellent spawning gravel is present between Black Butte Dam and the Sacramento River.

Stony Creek was identified as a chinook salmon enhancement site by the USBR when planning for the RBDD. The objective of the USBR was to release supplemental water into Stony Creek from the Tehama-Colusa Canal (TCC) to provide additional spawning and rearing habitat for fall-run chinook salmon. The project was never completed and is now the subject of a USFWS Supplemental Coordination Act report. The USFWS is attempting to identify how much mitigation and enhancement was completed and how much is still owed by the USBR.

The USBR recently completed a project using the TCC turnout structure to capture Stony Creek water and deliver it to USBR contractors. This project is opposite in design to the original intent of the structure since it removes water from Stony Creek and diverts it into the TCC. The project is intended to help replace water previously delivered when RBDD gates were in place year-round.

Restoration of fall-run chinook salmon in Stony Creek is dependent on obtaining suitable stream flow below Black Butte Reservoir and adequate fish passage at the GCID and TCC creek crossings. The feasibility of obtaining water and providing passage should be evaluated.

[p. VII-71]
Priority Ranking and Cost of Implementation
Recommendations for evaluation of anadromous fish habitat in Stony Creek:

Priority / Evaluation Action to Determine Habitat Needs for Anadromous Fish / Cost

Priority C-2 / Investigate the reasibility of obtaining adequate stream flows for salmon in Stony Creek / No [cost] Estimate
Priority C-2 / Investigate the feasibility of constucting a siphon at the Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District canal crossing on Stony Creek / No [cost] Estimate

[Central Valley Steelhead, Dennis R. McEwan] CDFG Bulletin 179, p. 17 Figure 6 showing Impassable Dams, including Black Butte on Stony Creek

- - -

[Yoshiyama, et al., ] Bulletin 179, p. 79 Table 1 Historical upstream limits of chinook salmon in the California Central Valley drainage [fn a] (Continued)
Stream - Upstream distributional limit [fn b]

Stony Creek - Juncture of Little Stony Creek, five miles below Stonyford [this may not have been the limit before the Stonyford/Indian Valley irrigators started diversions before 1870]
- - -
p. 151 Stony Creek (Tehama County). Stony Creek is a west side tributary in the Sacramento drainage and formerly supported spring run and fall runs (Clark 1929). Stony Creek was said to have been "a very good salmon stream" before the placement of the irrigations dams (Clark 1929, p 45). Kroeber (1932, p 295), drawing from ethnographic data, stated that "Salmon, for instance, ran up Stony creek through Wintun as far as Salt Pomo territory." The downstream (eastern) bor-

[p.] 152 Fish Bulletin 179: Volume One

der of the Salt Pomo (Northeastern Pomo) tribe has been placed at the confluence of Stony Creek and Little Stony Creek, about five miles below Stonyford (Kroeber 1925, p 224, McLendon and Oswalt 1978), so that point would have been the minimal upstream range of salmon. By 1928, both spring and fall runs were nonexistent due to irrigation diversions that kept the stream dry except during the rainy season (Clark 1929). At that time, there were two permanent dams on the creek: the Orland Project Dam (20 ft high, built about 1914) four miles west of Stonyford, and a dam on Big Stony Creek (90 ft high, "too high for a fish ladder") (Clark 1929) [actually, not Big Stony, just Stony]. There was also a dam across Stony Creek where an irrigation canal built by the Glenn Colusa Irrigation District (GCID) crossed the creek about three miles upstream of its mouth. This dam was usually washed out in high water, but most of the time it would have been a barrier to salmon, had there been any water in the creek (Clark 1929). Presently there are three storage reservoirs on the creek (Reynolds and others 1993). There is "excellent" spawning gravel within the about 20 miles of stream [sic, syntax] between the creek mouth and the lowermost dam, Black Butte Dam, which would be a barrier to salmon (Reynolds and others 1993). However, the GCID canal, which crosses Stony Creek downstream of Black Butte Dam, completely bars salmon migration any farther upstream (Reynolds and others 1993; USFWS 1995). This cross-stream barrier is now seldom washed out except when flood control releases are made from Black Butte Reservoir.

Miscellaneous Small Sacramento Valley Tributaries. In addition to Antelope, Cottonwood, and Stony creeks, more than a dozen other small tributaries in the northern Sacramento Valley occasionally supported fall-run salmon spawning stocks during the period 1940-1959 in years of early and heavy rains, and a few of those streams also had spring runs (Fry 1961)....

- - -
p. 157 Table 2 Estimated changes in lengths of stream available to chinook salmon in the major salmon-supporting watersheds of the California Central Valley [fn a] (Continued)

Watershed /
Length (mi) of stream historically available [fn b] /
Length (mi) of stream presently accessible [fn c] /
Length (mi) of stream lost (or gained) [fn d] /
Percent lost (or gained)

Westside Streams
Stony Creek / 54 / 3 / 51 / 94

- - -
Clark GH. 1929. Sacramento-San Joaquin salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fishery of California Division of Fish and Game. Fish Bulletin 17. p 1-73.

Fry DH, Jr. 1961. King salmon spawning stocks of the California Central Valley, 1940 - 1959. California Fish and Game 47(1):55-71. [no Stony Creek mention] On reports list and available at: http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Resources/Reports/index.asp ( as https://nrmsecure.dfg.ca,gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=3435 )

Kroeber AL. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bur Am Ethnol Smithsonian Inst Bull 78:1-995. Reprinted in 1976. New York (NY): Dover.

Kroeber AL. 1932. The Patwin and their neighbors. Univ Calif Publ Am Archaeol Ethnol 29:253-423.

McLendon S, Oswalt RL. 1978. Pomo: introduction. In: Heizer RF, editor. Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 8. California. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Inst. p 274-88. CILC C32 C3 1978

Murphy GI. 1946. A survey of Stony Creek, Grindstone Creek and Thomes Creek drainages in Glenn, Colusa and Tehama counties, California. Inland Fisheries Branch administrative report nr. 46-14. Sacramento (CA): California Department of Fish and Game.; referenced p. 59 "Titles and Abstracts of Administrative Reports Submitted by the Biological Staff July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1948, Fortieth Biennial Report For the Years 1946-1948, Fish and Game Commission ; abstract: trout, not salmon.

Reynolds FL, Mills TJ, Benthin R, Low A. 1993. Restoring Central Valley streams; a plan for action. Sacramento (CA): California Department of Fish and Game. 129 p. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/documents/Resources/RestoringCentralVallyStreams.pdf

[USFWS] US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Working Paper on restoration needs: habitat restoration actions to double natural production of anadromous fish in the Central Valley of California. Volumes 1, 2, and 3. 9 May 1995. Prepared for the US Fish and Wildlife Service under the direction of the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program Core Group. Stockton,

- Included report: Appendix I [eye], Preliminary Assessment of Streambed Substrate for Salmon Spawning in Stony Creek, California, 02/1998, Natural Resource Scientists, Inc., Red Bluff [is this Vogel, 02/1998?]

[mentioned in text, but not in bibliography or references : ]
- p. F-5: "The Middle Little Stony Creek Watershed Analysis Report," Mendocino National Forest staff, Willows, in progress for late 1998
- p. F-5: "Watershed Plan and Environmental Assessment, Upper Stony Creek Watershed", Natural Resource Conservation Service (SCS), Davis, CA 07/1989

Other References: Chapter 6
[selections from] Bibliography
Brown, M.R. 1994. Fishery Impacts from Reverse Operations at Constant Head Orifice at Stony Creek and Tehama-Colusa Canal, California. USFWS AFFI-FRO-94-12. November.

Brown, M.R. 1995. Supplementary Study of Fall 1994 Fishery Impacts from Reverse Operation of the Constant Head Orifice at Stony Creek and the Tehama-Colusa Canal, California, Final Report to the Fish and Wildlife Service. Red Bluff, California. June.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1969. Fisheries Surveys on Thomes and Stony Creeks, Glenn and Tehama Counties, with Special Emphasis on Their Potentials for King Salmon Spawning.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1983. Thomes-Newville Unit Fish and Wildlife Evaluation. DFG Progress Report, Sacramento, California.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1966. A. Petrovich. A Water Quality Study of Whiskeytown, Black Butte, Stony Gorge, and East Park Reservoirs.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1993. Restoring Central Valley Streams: A Plan for Action. November.

Chang, H.. M.L. Swanson, and G.M. Kondolf. 1992. An Investigation of the Causes of Accelerated Channel Erosion and Development of Countermeasures for Bridge Stabilization on Stony Creek. Executive Summary. March 31. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation.

Chang, H. 1991. Study of Stream Channel Changes at Bridge Crossings on Stony Creek Under Maximum Permitted Excavation. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation. August.

City of Santa Clara. 1981. The Black Butte Hydroelectric Project. Resource Management International, Inc., and Sverdup and Parcel Associates. September.

Clark, G.H. 1929. Sacramento - San Joaquin Salmon Fishery of California. Fish Bulletin No. 17. DFG. Sacramento, California.

Davis, C.F. 1984. Where the Water is King. Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District. Willows, California.

Decree. 1930. The United States of America versus H. C. Angle, et al. United States District Court, Northern Division. January.

Department of Water Resources. Various Dates. Temperature Data for Stony Creek. Prints on Microfiche. Red Bluff, California.

Glenn County. 1997. Aggregate Resource Management Plan. October.

Hall, H. J. 1964. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation memorandum to files Re: Fishery and Wildlife, Aspects of the Tehama-Colusa Canal, Sacramento River Division, Central Valley Project. March 19, 1964.

Hallock, Richard J. 1989. Upper Sacramento River Steelhead, 1952-1988, a report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Kondolf, G.M. and M.L. Swanson. 1992. Channel Adjustments to Reservoir Construction and Gravel Extraction along Stony Creek, California. December 10.

Kondolf, G.M. and M.L. Swanson. 1993. Channel Adjustments to Reservoir Construction and Gravel Extraction along Stony Creek, California. Environmental Geology 21:256-269.

Loggins, R., R. Bishop, R. Null, and L. Katz. 1997. Report on the Stony Creek Fish Rescue. DFG.

Maslin, P.E. Professor, California State University, Chico. Preliminary text for the draft Stony Creek report. No date.

Maslin, P.E. 1995. (a.) The Stony Creek Fishery from Black Butte Dam to the Sacramento River. CSU Chico. June 18 and July 10.

Maslin, P.E. 1995. (b.) Draft General Requirements for Re-Establishment of Native, Non Salmonid Fish and Wildlife along Lower Stony Creek. CSU Chico. August 6.

Maslin, P.E. and W.R. McKinney. 1994. Tributary Rearing by Sacramento River Salmon and Steelhead Interim Report. CSU Chico. October 30.

Medlin, Joel. Species list for rediversion of water to Tehama-Colusa Canal at the Stony Creek siphon, Tehama County, California. June 11, 1995.

Moyle, Peter B. 1976. Inland Fishes of California. University of California Press. Berkeley, California.

Nelson, Earl D., & Associates. 1993. Draft Environmental Impact Report for Arbuckle Gravel Extraction from Stony Creek. Glenn County Planning Department. Willows, California. November 25.

Nelson, Earl D., & Associates. 1994. Environmental Impact Report for Arbuckle Gravel Extraction from Stony Creek. Glenn County Planning Department. Willows, California. October 7.

Puckett, Larry K. 1969. Fisheries Surveys on Thomes and Stony Creeks, Glenn and Tehama Counties, with Special Emphasis on their Potentials for King Salmon Spawning. Report No. 69-3.

Reavis, Robert L. Jr. 1983. Chinook Salmon Spawning Stocks in California's Central Valley, 1981. DFG. Annual Report No. 69-3. p. 24. Anadromous Fisheries Br. Admin. Report No. 83-2. February.

Swanson, Mitchell, and Associates. 1991. Geomorphic Study of Bed Degradation in Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. May 15.

Tubbs, AA. 1980. Riparian Bird Communities of the Great Plains. In DeGraff R.M. and N.G. Tilghman. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, IWT 86.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1984. A Short History of Stony Creek and Black Butte Lake. July.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Black Butte Dam and Lake Stony Creek, California, Water Control Manual. Appendix III to Master Water Control Manual, Sacramento River Basin, California. May.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1963. Interim Report regarding the Tehama-Colusa Canal, Sacramento River Division, Central Valley Project, California. July 19.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1967. Fish and Wildlife Aspects with Tehama-Colusa Canal, Sacramento Canals Unit, Sacramento River Division, Central Valley Project, California. January 5.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1969. Memorandum from Acting Regional Director, USFWS, Portland, Oregon to Regional Director, Reclamation, Sacramento, California, Re: Cost and benefit estimates, Tehama-Colusa Fish Facilities, Tehama-Colusa Canal, CVP, with attached narrative on the Thomes Creek Fishery. March 6. [where is this?]

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1975. Smith Felix E. Memorandum to Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, Mid-Pacific Region. Subject of Reevaluation of Fish and Wildlife Benefits, Tehama-Colusa Canal.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Draft Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report, Tehama-Colusa Canal change in Point of Diversion to Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. Division of Ecological Services, Sacramento, California. September.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Supplemental Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report. Tehama-Colusa Canal change in permanent point of rediversion on Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Services, Sacramento, California. February.

Vogel, D.A. 1993. Chinook Salmon Rearing in the Central Valley. UC Davis, January 4 to 5, 1993.

Vogel, D.A. 1996. Tehama Colusa Canal Authority White Paper, March 25.

Vogel, D.A. 1998. Preliminary Assessment of Streambed Substrate for Salmon Spawning in Stony Creek, California. February. [is this Appendix I (eye)?]

Vogel, D.A. and Keith R. Marine. 1991. Guide to Upper Sacramento River Chinook Salmon Life History. Bureau of Reclamation, Central Valley Project. CH2M Hill. Redding, California. July.

Weldon, Marilyn. 1989. The Garlin Ranch of Stonyford. Sacramento Valley Landowner Magazine. Spring.

Wilson, G. G. 1995. Stony Creek Water Rights, Stony Creek Management Plan Technical Team. October 3. [where is this?]

Wilson, G. G. 1995. Letter to D. Hanson, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Water Rights Downstream from Black Butte Dam. Office of Watermaster. June. [where is this letter?]

Yoshiyama, R.M., E.R. Gerstung, F.W. Fisher, and P.B. Moyle. 1995. Historical and Present Distribution of Chinook Salmon in the Central Valley Drainage of California.
- - -
Exhibit I [eye]
Preliminary Assessment of Riverbed Substrate for Salmon Spawning in Stony Creek, California

REFERENCES Puckett, L.K. 1969. Fisheries surveys on Thomes and Stony Creeks, Glenn and Tehama Counties, with special emphasis on their potential for king salmon spawning. California Department of Fish and Game. Water Projects Branch Administrative Report No. 69-3. 24 pp.

Rantz, S.E. 1964. Stream hydrology related to the optimum discharge for king salmon spawning in the northern California coast ranges. U.S. Geological Survey. Water-Supply Paper 1779-AA Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game). United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 16 pp.

Vogel, D.A. 1983. Evaluation of the Tehama-Colusa Fish Facilities. Cal-Neva Wildlife Transactions. pp. 20-25

Vogel, D.A. 1989. Sacramento River Salmon Restoration. Sacramento Valley Landowners. pp. 10-13.

• NMFS 03/11/2002, NMFS Biological Opinion on Lower Stony, collecting the Chinook history of the stream
• Cover letter, McInnis/NMFS to Ryan/Reclamation & Walsh/USACE. 03/22/3003
• Enclosure 1, "Biological Opinion", 03/11/2002

  [Incidental Take Permit:]

  [p. 50:] "This analysis indicates that an annual total of; 20 Sacramento River winter-run chinook salmon; 80 Central Valley Spring-run chinook salmon; and 160 Central Valley steelhead trout are likely to be captured through the combination of entrainment monitoring at the irrigation diversions and the other sampling associated with the fisheries monitoring study....The estimate for actual mortality of captured fish is 5% or less of those captured."
  
  [Is this a 100% take permit?]

  - - - -
  
  [some of the] REFERENCES:
  
  Bailey, E.D. 1954. Time pattern of 1953-54 migration of salmon and steelhead into the upper Sacramento River. Calif. Dept. Fish and Game unpublished report. 4 pp.
  
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  Beacham, T.D., and C.B. Murray. 1990. Temperature, egg size, and development of embryos and alevins of one species of Pacific salmon: a comparative analysis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:927-945.
  
  Bell, M.C. 1986. Fisheries Handbook of Engineering Requirements and Biological Criteria (second edition). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland, OR.
  
  Boles, G.L., S.M. Turek, C.C. Maxwell, and D.M. McGill. 1988. Water temperature effects on chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with emphasis on the Sacramento River: a literature review. California Department of Water Resources 44p.
  
  Bovee, K.D. 1978. Probability of use criteria for the Family Salmonidae (Instream Flow Information Paper No. 4, FWS/OBS-78-07), Washington D.C., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Biological Services, Western Energy and Land Use Team.
  
  Brown, M.R. 1995. Supplementary Study of Fall 1994 Fishery Impacts from Reverse Operation of the Constant Head Orifice at Stony Creek and the Tehama-Colusa Canal, California. Final Report to the Fish and Wildlife Service, REd Bluff, California. June
  
  Busby, P.J., T.C. Wainwright, G.J. Bryant., L.Lierheimer, R.S. Waples, F.W. Waknitz and I.V. Lagomarsino. 1996. Status review of west coast steelhead from Washington, Idaho, Oregon and California. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-27. 261 p.
  
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  Ekman, E.G. 1987. Adult spring-run salmon surveys, 1986 and 1987. Office memo, November 17, 1987. Lassen National Forest.
  
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  Folmar, L.C., and W.W. Dickhoff, 1980. The parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) and seawater adaptation in salmonids: a review of selected literature. Aquaculture 21:1-37
  
  Fry, D.H. 1961. King salmon spawning stocks of the California Central Valley, 1940-1959. Calif. Fish Game 47(1):55-71
  
  Glenn County. 1997. Aggregate Resource Management Plan. October.
  
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  Halleck, R.J. and F.W. Fisher. 1985. Status of Sacramento River winter-run chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento River. California Department of Fish and Game, Anadromous Fish Branch Report, 28p. (Available from California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, 1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.)
  
  Hallock, R.J., D.A. Vogel, and R.R. Reisenbichler. 1982. The effect of Red Bluff Diversion Dam on the migration of adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, as indicated by radio tagged fish. California Dept. of Fish and Game, Anadromous Fisheries Branch, Administrative Report No. 82-8. 47 p.
  
  Hallock, R.J., W.F. Van Woert and L. Shapavalov. 1961. An evaluation of stocking hathery-reared steelhead rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri gairdneri) in the Sacramento River system. Calif. Fish Game Fish Bull. 114, 73 p.
  
  Interagency Ecological Program (IEP) Steelhead Project Work Team. 1999 Monitoring, Assessment, and Research on Central Valley Steelhead: Status of Knowledge, Review Existing Programs, and Assessment Needs. In Comprehensive Monitoring, Assessment, and Research Program Plan, Tech. App. VII-11.
  
  Kjelson, M.A., P.F. Raquel, and F.W. Fisher. 1982. Life history of fall-run juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhyncus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, California, p. 393-411. In: V.S. Kennedy (ed.). Estuarine comparisons. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
  
  Leidy, G.R., and S. Li. 1987. Analysis of river flows necessary to provide water temperature requirements of anadromous fishery resources of the lower American River. Lower American River Curt [Court?] reference, EDF v. EBMUD, Exhibit No. 69-A. Prepared by McDonough, Holland, and Allen, Sacramento, CA.
  
  Marcotte, B.D. 1984. Life history, status, and habitat requirements of spring-run chinook salmon in California. Unpubl. USFS Report, Lassen National Forest, Chester, California. 34 p.
  
  Maslin, P.E. and W.R. McKinney. 1994. Tributary Rearing by Sacramento River Salmon and Steelhead Interim Report. CSU Chico. October 30.
  
  McEwan, D. and T.A. Jackson. 1996. Steelhead restoration and management plan for California. California Department of Fish and Game, 234p. (Available from California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, 1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.) [ https://nrmsecure.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=3490 ]
  
  McEwan, D. 2001. Central Valley Steelhead. California Department of Fish and Game. Fish Bulletin 179, Volume I.
  [ http://www.sjrdotmdl.org/concept_model/phys-chem_model/documents/300001435.pdf ]
  [ http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6sd4z5b2 ]
  { http://cdm15024.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p178601ccp2&CISOPTR=227&CISOBOX=1&REC=3 ]
  
  Moyle, P.B., J.E. Williams, and E.D. Wikramanayake. 1989. Fish Species of Special Concern of California. Final Report submitted to State of Calif. Resources Agency, October 1989.
  
  Murphy, G.I. 1946. A survey of Stony Creek, Grindstone Creek, and Thomes Creek drainages in Glen[n], Colusa and Tehama Counties. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Branch administrative report 46-15. 16 p. [28 p. ?]
  
  Myers, J.M., R.G. Kope, G.J. Bryant, D. Teel, L.J. Lierheimer, T.C. Wainwright, W.S. Grant, F.W. Waknitz, K. Neely, S.T. Lindley, and R.S. Waples, 1998. Status review of Chinook salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon and California. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Tech Memeo. NMFS-NWFSC-35, 443 p.
  
  Myrick, C.A. 1998. Temperature, genetic, and ration effects on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bioenergetics, Ph.D. dissertation. University of California. Davis. 165 pages.
  
  Myrick, C.A., and Cech J.J. 2000. Growth and thermal biology of Feather River steelhead under constant and cyclical temperatures. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California. Davis.
  
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  National Marine Fisheries Service. 1997. Proposed recovery plan for the Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon. Southwest Region. Long Beach, CA. 217 pages with goals and appendices.
  
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  Nobriga, M., and P. Cadrett. 2003. Differences among hatchery and wild steelhead: evidence from Delta fish monitoring programs. Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary Newsletter 14:3:30-38
  
  Puckett, L.K. 1969. Fisheries Surveys on Thomes and Stony Creeks, Glenn and Tehama Counties, with Special Emphasis on Their Potentials for King Salmon Spawning. Report No. 69-3 [DFG?]
  
  Reavis, R.L., Jr. 1983. Chinook Salmon Spawning Stocks in California's Central Valley, 1981. DFG. Annual Report No. 69-3. p. 24. Anadromous Fisheries Br. Admin. Report No. 83-2. February.
  
  Reiser, D.W. and T.C. Bjornn. 1979. Habitat requirements of anadromous salmonids. In: Influence of Forest and Rangeland Management on Anadromous Fish Habitat in the Western United States and Canada. W.R. Meehan, editor. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-96.
  
  Rich, A.A. 1997. Testimony of Alice A. Rich, Ph.D. regarding water rights applications for the Delta Wetlands Project, proposed by Delta Wetlands Properties for Water Storage on Webb Tract, Bacon Island, Bouldin Island, and Holland Tract in Contra Costa and San Joaquin Counties. July 1997. Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game Exhibit DFG-7. Submitted to State Water Resources Control Board.
  
  Rutter, C. 1904. Natural History of the Quinnat Salmon [A report of] Investigation [in the ] Sacramento River, 1896-1901. [By Cloudsley Rutter, Naturalist, United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross.] Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 22:65-141. [ http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Fish_Commission_Bulletins/BFC1902-v22.pdf ]
  
  Shapovalov, L., and A.C. Taft. 1954. The life histories of the steelhead rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri) and Silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with special reference to Waddell Creek, California, and recommendations regarding their management. Calif. Dep. Fish Game, Fish Bull, 98, 375 p.
  
  Shelton, J.M. 1995. The hatching of Chinook salmon eggs under simulated stream conditions. Progressive Fish-Culturist 17:20-35.
  
  Slater, D.W. 1963. Winter-run Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River, California, with notes on water temperature requirements at spawning. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Science Report Fisheries 461:9.
  
  Statick, E., L.G. Gilbreath, and J.R. Harmon. 1982. Imprinting steelhead for homing. In: Salmon and Trout Migratory Behavior Symposium, E.L. Brannon and E.O. Salo, eds. June 3-5, 1981. p. 246-264.
  
  Stillwater Sciences. 2006. Upper Yuba River water temperature criteria for Chinook salmon and steelhead. Technical Appendix. Prepared for CH2M Hill. June 2006. 17 p.
  
  Snider, B. 2001. Evaluation of effects of flow fluctuations on the anadromous fish populations in the lower American River. California Department of Fish and Game, Habitat Conservation Division. Stream Evaluation Program. Tech. Reports No. 1 and 2 with appendices 1-3. Sacramento.
  
  Sommer, T., D. McEwan, and R. Brown. 2001. Factors affecting Chinook spawning in the lower Feather River. Pages 269-294 in R.L. Brown, editor. Contributions to the Biology of Central Valley Salmonids, Volume 1. Fish Bulletin 179
  
  Stone, L. 1874. Report of operations during 1872 at the U.S. salmon-hatching establishment on the McCloud River, and on the California salmonidae generally; with a list of specimens collected. Report of U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1872-1873, 2:168-215.
  
  Swanson, M.L., and G.M. Kondolf. 1991. Geomorphic Study of Bed Degradation in Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation, Division of Structures, 15 May 1991.
  
  Tapple, P.D., and T.C. Bjorn. 1983. A new method of relating size of spawning gravel to salmonid embryo survival. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 3:123-135.
  
  Thorpe, J.E. 1982. Migration in salmonids, with special reference to juvenile movements in freshwater. In: Salmon and Trout Migratory Behavior Symposium, E.L. Brannon and E.O. Salo, eds. June 3-5, 1981. p. 86-97.
  
  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1987. Black Butte Lake, Stony Creek, California, Water Control Manual, Appendix III to Master Water Control Manual, Sacramento River Basin, California. May.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1998. Lower Stony Creek Fish, Wildlife and Water Use Management Plan.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2004. Evaluation of reasonable and prudent measure no. 3 identified in the NOAA fisheries biological opinion dated March 11, 2002. March 5, 2004. Mid-Pacific Region, California.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2005a. Additional information from Reclamation to proceed with and complete formal consultation on lower Stony Creek water management. Memorandum to Rodney R. McInnis, NMFS. August 5, 2005. Mid-Pacific Region, NCAO, Shasta Lake, California.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2005b. Results of 2005 monitoring period for the constant head orifice and the North Canal. Memorandum to Rodney R. McInnis, NMFS. October 11, 2005. Mid-pacific Region, NCAO, Shasta Lake, California.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2006. Results of 2006 monitoring period for the constant head orifice and the North Canal. Memorandum to Rodney R. McInnis, NMFS. October 26, 2006. Mid-pacific Region, NCAO, Shasta Lake, California.
  
  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2001. Biological Assessment of the effects of lower Stony Creek water management on winter-run Chinook salmon, spring-run Chinook salmon, fall/late fall-run Chinook salmon, and steelhead.
  
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Report on problem number A-2: Anadromous fish passage at Red Bluff Diversion Dam. Central Valley Fish and Wildlife Management Study. Ecological Services, Sacramento, CA.
  
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Draft anadromous fish restoration plan--a plan to increase natural production of anadromous fish in the Central Valley of California. Sacramento, CA.
  
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Flow-habitat relationships for steelhead and fall, late-fall, and winter-run Chinook salmon spawning in the Sacramento River between Keswick Dam and Battle Creek. Sacramento, CA. 76 pages.
  
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Draft adult spring Chinook salmon monitoring in Clear Creek, California, 1999-2002. Prepared by J.M. Newton and M.R. Brown, Red Bluff, CA.
  
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servicea and National Marine Fisheries, 1998. Endangered Species Act Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting Section 7 Consultations and Conferences. U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, SSOP, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328
  
  Van Woert, W. 1964. Mill Creek counting station. Office memorandum to Eldon Hughes, May 25, 1964. California Department of Fish and Game, Water Projects Branch, Contract Services Section.
  
  Vogel, D.A. 1998. Preliminary Assessment of Streambed Substrate for Salmon Spawning in Stony Creek, California. February.
  
  Vogel, D.A., and K.R. Marine. 1991. Guide to Upper Sacramento River Chinook salmon life history. Prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Central Valley Project. 55 pp. with references.
  
  Ward, M.B., and W.M. Kier. 1999. Battle Creek Salmon and Steelhead Restoration Plan. Prepared for the Battle Creek Working Group by Kier Associates. January, 1999.
  
  Ward, P.D., T.R. Reynolds, and C.E. Garman. 2003. Butte Creek spring-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, pre-spawn mortality evaluation. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries, Admin. Report No. 2004-5. Chico.
  
  Yoshiyama, R.M., E.R. Gerstung, F.W. Fisher, and P.B. Moyle. 1996. Historical and present distribution of Chinook salmon in the Central Valley drainage of California. Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, Vol. III. Centers for Water and Wildlife Resources, University of California, Davis. Pages 309-361.
  
  Yoshiyama, R.M., F.W. Fisher, and P.B. Moyle. 1998. Historical abundance and decline of Chinook salmon in the Central Valley region of California. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18:487-521.
  
  - - - -
  
  

  Enclosure 2, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSFCMA), Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Recommendations, Lower Stony Creek Water Mangement
  
  [some of] LITERATURE CITED
  
  Brown, M.R. 1995. Supplementary Study of Fall 1994 Fishery Impacts From Reverse Operation of the Constant Head Orifice at Stony Creek and the Tehama-Colusa Canal, California. Final Report to the Fish and Wildlife Service, Red Bluff, California. June
  
  Clark, G.H. 1929. Sacramento-San Joaquin salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fishery of California. Division of Fish and Game of California Fish. Bull. 17:l-73.
  
  Healey, M.C. 1991. Life history of chinook salmon. In C. Groot and L. Margolis: Pacific Salmon Life Histories. University of British Columbia Press. Pp. 213-393.
  
  Kjelson, M.A., P.F. Raquel, and F.W. Fisher. 1982. Life history of fall-run juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, California, p. 393-41 1. In: V.S. Kennedy (ed.). Estuarine comparisons. Academic Press, New York, NY.
  
  Maslin, P.E. and W.R. McKinney. 1994. Tributary Rearing by Sacramento River Salmon and Steelhead Interim Report. CSU Chico. October 30.
  
  NMFS 1997. NMFS Proposed Recovery Plan for the Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon. National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Region, Long Beach, California. August 1997
  
  Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC). 1999. Description and identification of essential fish habitat, adverse impacts and recommended conservation measures for salmon. Amendment 14 to the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan, Appendix A. PFMC, Portland, OR.
  
  Reavis, Robert L. Jr. 1983. Chinook Salmon Spawning Stocks in California's Central Valley, 1981. DFG. Annual Report No. 69-3. P. 24. Anadromous Fisheries Br. Admin. Report No. 83-2. February.
  
  Reynolds, F.L., T.J. Mills, R. Benthin and A. Low. 1993. Restoring Central Valley streams: A plan for action. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA. 129pp.

• NMFS 01/29/2007 Draft BiOp
  
  [incidental take permit not specifically quantified, added in final]
  
  
• NMFS 06/20/2008 Final BiOp
  • Cover letter, McInnis/NOAA to Person/Reclamation & Chapman/USACE. 06/20/2008
  • Enclosure 1, Biological Opinion, 06/20/2008

    Incidental Take Permit:
    
    

    [p. 59] "Take may 59 [p. 60] not exceed 328 Chinook salmon and 20 steelhead. Lethal take for salmonids may not exceed 49 individuals during the annual monitoring/salvage operations."
    
    [This take quantity was more than the winter-run counts passing RBDD at its lowest level, and is more than counts on some of the remaining active Central Valley spawning streams, see 2002 BiOp p. 19 (the 2002 opinion has a different focus from the 2008 so they complement each other). Allowable take of Chinook tripled and lethal take jumped 6-fold from the 2002 permit? Is this a 100% take permit, increased to match the population? There should not be any take allowed at the T-C Canal/CHO berm: the permitted purpose of the CHO to begin with was to help the fish, not kill them. Where did we go wrong? Who's minding the store?]

    - - - -
    
    VII. [some of the] LITERATURE CITED California Department of Fish and Game. 1993. Restoring Central Valley streams: a plan for action. Reynolds, F.L., T.J. Mills, R. Benthin, and A. Low. Sacramento. 129 pp.
    
    Clark, G.H. 1929. Sacramento-San Joaquin salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fishery of California. Division of Fish and Game of California Fishery Bulletin 17:1-73.
    
    Corwin, R.R., and D.J. Grant. 2004. Lower Stony Creek fish monitoring report, Glenn County, California, 2001 - 2004. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Northern California Area Office, Mid-Pacific Region.
    
    Healey, M.C. 1991. Life history of Chinook salmon. Pages 213-393 in C. Groot and L. Margolis, editors. Pacific salmon life histories. University of British Columbia Press.
    
    Kjelson, M.A., P.F. Raquel, and F. W. Fisher. 1982. Life history of fall-run juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, California, Pages 393-411 in V.S. Kennedy, editor. Estuarine comparisons. Academic Press, New York, NY.
    
    Myers, J.M., R.G. Kope, G.J. Bryant, D. Teel, L.J. Lierheimer, T.C. Wainwright, W.S. Grant, F.W. Waknitz, K. Neely, S.T. Lindley, and R.S. Waples. 1998. Status review of Chinook salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum. NOAA Fisheries- NWFSC-35. 443 pp.
    
    National Marine Fisheries Service. 1997. Proposed recovery plan for the Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon. Southwest Region, Long Beach, California. 288 pp. plus appendices.
    
    Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1999. Description and identification of essential fish habitat, adverse impacts and recommended conservation measures for salmon. Amendment 14 to the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan, Appendix A. Portland, OR.
    
    Reavis, R.L., Jr. 1983. Chinook Salmon Spawning Stocks in California’s Central Valley, 1981. DFG. Annual Report No. 69-3. P. 24. Anadromous Fisheries Br. Admin. Report No. 83-2. February.
    
    Reynolds, F.L., T.J. Mills, R. Benthin, and A. Low. 1993. Restoring Central Valley streams: a plan for action. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. 129 pp.
    
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Working paper on restoration needs: habitat restoration actions to double the natural production of anadromous fish in the Central Valley of California, volumes 1-3. Prepared by the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program Core Group for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Stockton, CA.
    
    Yoshiyama, R.M., F.W. Fisher, and P.B. Moyle. 1998. Historical abundance and decline of Chinook salmon in the Central Valley region of California. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18:487-521.

  • Enclosure 2, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA), Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Recommendations, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lower Stony Creek Water Mangement Operations
    
    Literature Cited: [excerpt here]
    
    

1. Central Valley Recovery Plan
- Stony, pp. 98,104,123,130 [multiples per page]
- Stony, maps, p. 20,27,33,39,46,54,55, 101,125

- References [extensive; here are those with the word Stony] :
- - Glenn County Resource Conservation District. 2009. Lower Stony Creek Restoration Plan. January 12, 2009. Also available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/documents/DWR_Report_30_draftPlan.pdf Accessed April 30, 2009
- - H.T. Harvey & Associates. 2007b. Stony Creek Watershed Assessment, Volume 1. Lower Stony Creek Watershed Analysis. Prepared for Glenn County Resource Conservation District. Available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/LowerStonyCreekWatershed.htm (Accessed April 30, 2009)
- - H.T. Harvey & Associates. 2007a. Stony Creek Watershed Assessment, Volume 2. Existing Conditions Report. Prepared for Glenn County Resource Conservation District. Available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/LowerStonyCreekWatershed.htm (Accessed April 30, 2009)
- - Swanson, M.L. and G.M. Kondolf. 1991. Geomorphic Study of Bed Degradation in Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation, Division of Structures, 15 May 1991.
- - U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). 1998. Lower Stony Creek Fish, Wildlife and Water Use Management Plan. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Northern California Area Office, Mid-Pacific Region.

2. List of Appendices
1. Appendix A - Central Valley Watershed Profiles
- Stony, pp. 2, 169 thru 174
- Stony, maps, p. 5

- References [extensive; here are those with the word Stony] :
- - Corwin, R.R. and D. J. Grant. 2004. Lower Stony Creek Fish Monitoring Report, Glenn County, California, 2001-2004. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Northern California Area Office, Mid-Pacific Region.
- - GCRCD (Glenn County Resource Conservation District). 2009. Lower Stony Creek Restoration Plan. January 12, 2009. Also available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/documents/DWR_Report_30_draftPlan.pdf (Accessed April 30, 2009)-
- - H.T. Harvey & Associates. 2007b. Stony Creek Watershed Assessment, Volume 1. Lower Stony Creek Watershed Analysis. Prepared for Glenn County Resource Conservation District. Available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/LowerStonyCreekWatershed.htm (Accessed April 30, 2009)
- - H.T. Harvey & Associates. 2007a. Stony Creek Watershed Assessment, Volume 2. Existing Conditions Report. Prepared for Glenn County Resource Conservation District. Available online at: http://www.glenncountyrcd.org/nodes/educationoutreach/LowerStonyCreekWatershed.htm (Accessed April 30, 2009)
- - Swanson, M.L. and G.M. Kondolf. 1991. Geomorphic Study of Bed Degradation in Stony Creek, Glenn County, California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation, Division of Structures, 15 May 1991.
- - USBR (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation). 1998. Lower Stony Creek Fish, Wildlife and Water Use Management Plan. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Northern California Area Office, Mid-Pacific Region.

2. Appendix B - Threats Assessment
- Stony, pp. vii,3-85,4-89 thru 4-93, 4-136
- Stony, graphs & tables, pp. 1-5,4-132,4-133
- Stony, maps, p. 4-10
- 5.0 Literature Cited [extensive; here are those with the word Stony] :
- - NMFS. 2002b. Final Biological Opinion on Lower Stony Creek Water Management Operations.
3. Attachments to Threats Assessment
1. Spring-run Stressor Matrix [No Stony, which doesn't make sense since the historical references specifically mention Spring run]
2. Steelhead Stressor Matrix [Stony, p. C-64,65,66,67,68,69, 70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78, 80,81,82,83,84, 170,171,172,173,174 [mostly multiple times per page]
3. Winter-run Stressor Matrix [No Stony]
4. Appendix C - Recovery Actions Tables-Implementation Schedule ; Stony pp. 4,5,6,8,9, 11,12,14,15,16,18,19, 20,21,22,23,24,25,27,28, 30,31,33,35,36,37,38,39, 40,41,42,44,45, 62, 145, 169, 170,171,173,174,175,177,178 [some pages multiple times]
5. Appendix D - TRT Reports ;
• Population Structure of Threatened and Endangered Chinook Salmon ESU in California's Central Valley Basin., April 2004, S.T. Lindley, R. Schick, B.P. May, J.J. Anderson, S. Greene, C. Hanson, A. Low, D. McEwan, R.B. McFarlane, C. Swanson, and J.G. Williams
  - Stony, pp. iv,24 ;
  - Stony, Graphs & Tables, pp. 6,7,8,14,15,17,18,19,40 ;
  - Stony, Maps pp. 47,48,50,51,52,53,54,55,56 ;
  - References
• Historical Population Structure of Central Valley Steelhead and its Alteration by Dams., San Francisco Estuary & Watershed Science", February 2006, Steven T. Lindley, Robert S. Schick, Aditya Agrawal, Matthew Goslin, Thomas E. Pearson, Ethan Mora, James J. Anderson, Bernard May, Sheila Greene, Charles Hanson, Alice Low, Dennis McEwan, R. Bruce MacFarlane, Christina Swanson and John G. Williams. ; References
  - Stony, Graphs & Tables, pp. 10,12
  - Stony, Maps pp. 6,8,13
• Monitoring and Research Needed to Manage the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Chinook and Steelhead in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Basin., NOAA Tech. Memo.NMFS-SWFSC-399, 2007, J.G. Williams, J.J. Anderson, S. Greene, C. Hanson, S.T. Lindley, A. Low, B.P. May, D. McEwan, M.S. Mohr, R.B. MacFarlane, and C. Swanson ; References
• Framework for Assessing Viability of Threatened and Endangered Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Basin. San Francisco Esuary & Watershed Science February 2007, Steven T. Lindley, Robert S. Schick, Ethan Mora, Peter B. Adams, James J. Anderson, Sheila Greene, Charles Hanson, Bernard P. May, Dennis R. McEwan, R. Bruce MacFarlane, Christina Swanson, John G. Williams ; References
• Directed Connectivity among Fish Populations in a Riverine Network. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, Robert S. Schick and Steven T. Lindley ; References
  - Stony, 6th page

6. Appendix E - Habitat Restoration Cost References [No Stony ; Costing, References and more]


• October 2009 Public Workshops [irrel.]
• Public Workshop Registration [irrel.]
• Public Workshop Materials
  • Recovery Strategy Summary [Stony on map 5th page]
  • Summary of the Public Draft Recovery Plan [Stony on 2 maps 4th page]

p. 240 "fish were to be had at certain seasons in the streams."
p. 243 "about 1840 [fn 269 See p. 198 - (not included here)], the Indians of Big valley organized a party which went over to a fish dam on the head of Stony creek and ambushed two Northeastern Pomo fishermen, killing them as they came to the dam to look after their traps...." ["the head"? up in the canyon or down at the confluence of Big & Little? was it a salmon weir? ]

p. 236, quoted material:
"For something like 10 years no revenge was taken. Then a Clear Lake party went to the head of Stony Creek [which is where?] and lay in wait by a dam. When fishermen appeared, two of them were killed..."; [this is a block quote, similar to Barrett 1908 p. 243, but no attribution]

Hill Patwin pp. 289-297, animal food p. 294
p. 295, "Most of the hill Patwin had little opportunity to fish on a large scale except in their neighbors' territory. Salmon, for instance, ran up Stony creek through Wintun as far as Salt Pomo territory. [is this in general, or a specific boundary?] Perch; suckers, hoyo; pike, tsues; hardheads, de'lbutil, were the chief varieties to be had at home. They were dived for in holes. Hooks are said not to have been used. The harpoon head was of bone. Nets were either short seines attached to a stick at each end, or the usual small dip-net fastened to a half-hoop at the end of a handle--two or three of which might be held abreast by as many men, the fish often being driven with poles. [again no cites, so, where did Kroeber get these quote?]

Goldschmidt's ethnographic study on the Nomlaki (1951) "Goldschmidt, W., 1951, "Nomlaki Ethnolography", University of California Publication in Americah Arch. and Ethnology, vol. 42, No. 4 :
p. 8 "Salmon and steelhead probably still ascend Stony creek; present muddy conditions offer little key to the past fish populations." [VERIFY QUOTE - is it Goldschmidt or Treganza? ]

"Among the hill Indians, the Stonyford Tribe was considered unusually fortunate. The acorn harvest never entirely failed, edible roots were abundant on the bottom lands and the uplands produced wild oats. The tribe controlled Stony Creek (Bee-dah) at the head of the salmon run where the salmon fishing season continued from early spring to late summer."

"The first man to visit what is now the Garlin ranch area was General John Bidwell, one of California's foremost explorers, in 1844. According to historical records, the Pomo Indians had never seen a white man before. 'The number of whites before the discovery of gold could, I think, be counted on the fingers of one hand... 10,000 Indians ... they were curing SALMON from the stream...' (from Will S. Green -- History of Colusa County) [ I have not yet found the source for this quote which does not seem to be in Mr. Green's History ; his history and later copy-cat histories mention the population of 10,000 building weirs and curing salmon on the Sacramento River, but not on Stony Creek ]

[para] The Bidwell party camped by Stony [p. 309] Creek (Capay River in Indian times). The Indians had never seen horses; they were curious and friendly, and lived mostly on acorns, grasshoppers, and on the salmon which were abundant in Stony Creek." [ I have not yet found the source for this "abundant" assertion either; and "Capay River" is apparently redundant ]

A. Well, now, the first I

[p. 484]

remember of that ditch-- We had a cottage at Fouts Springs, and every year, in those days, my folks went to Fouts Springs, along in June and remained there until September. Now, I don't recall so much about it in '80, but in '81 we camped there and took our lunch at the gravel near the big rocks, and my sister Edna was just a baby--just crawling around--she was born in August, and she was just sitting up--I fix it in that way--she was just sitting up--and at that time there were a lot of Indians diving into the hole there, and we camped there for dinner and fed the horses. We had a four-horse team, going to the mountains there--there were no automobiles in those days--and we camped there at a little gravel bar right below the rocks, and fed the team--and there were a number of Indians right there where we were camped--and, oh, 50 or 100 young Indians were diving into that hole and catching fish. They were catching them by hand, too--they didn't have any fish hooks--they were diving in and getting them by hand....

[& p. 487]

A. I think it was in the latter part of June; I am basing my answer on the fact that we nearly always went to the mountains--Fouts Spring--because we had a cottage there.