The Nomi Lackee Monument -- Northern California's Trail of Tears.
Tehama County , California.
(c) 2001, Mike Barkley
Monument is on Mill Creek, next to the road, in the NW Quarter of the NE Quarter of Section 12, R6W T24N MDB&M -- CERES reference says "On Osborn Rd, 3.9 mi N of Flournoy" -- Osborn Rd. turnoff is about a half mile west of Flournoy.

Photo of the monument:


Inscription says:
INDIAN MILITARY POST
1854 [ bas relief image ] 1866
NOMI LACKEE INDIAN RESERVATION
CONTROLLED OVER 300 TO 2500
MILITANT INDIANS
U. S. SURVEY OF 1858 SHOWED 25,139.71
ACRES IN THE RESERVATION
INDIANS MOVED TO ROUND VALLEY IN 1866

PLAQUE DONATED BY MRS. LEILA MASTERSON
ERECTED MAY 1, 1938 BY
FLOURNOY FARM BUREAU CENTER AND
BERENDOS PARLOR No. 23, N. D. G. W.

As I understand it, "MOVED" was a forced march over a 7,000 foot mountain range to Covelo, and a number of the victims died during the march including per Andrew Freeman the aged and infirm shot for straggling -- see links below of Andrew Freeman, Dottie Smith, GGG....

Links:

• [ The Arrival Of Whites, Andrew Freeman , BROKEN INTERNET LINK, try archive.org copy ] "Andrew Freeman, affiliated with the Nomlaki tribe, gave this account in 1936...." [ see the last two paragraphs -- although just a summary, suggests the real story rivals the death marches of the Holocaust -- also, mention of Orland, Newville, --
  
  The excerpt is from "Gold Rush: A Literary Exploration" , Edited by Michael Kowalewski, Heyday Press, Berkeley, CA , ISBN: 0-930588-99-1, $18.48 , 500 pages paperback (6 x 9), order from Heyday Press or amazon.com .
  
  Per "Permissions" table in "Gold Rush", p. 470, the excerpt is apparently a reprint from: Freeman, Andrew. in Goldschmidt, Walter 1951. 'Nomlaki ethnography.' 'University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology' vol. 42 No.4, order facsimile reprint from Coyote Press , P.O. Box 3377, Salinas, CA 93912, Coyote@CoyotePress.com , http://www.coyotepress.com/page10.html , ordering page http://www.coyotepress.com/page99.html .
  
  Andrew Freeman is also mentioned at "Savage Miners" , excerpts from the book "Gold, Greed, and Genocide" ]
  
  
• SHASTA COUNTY HISTORY, by Dottie Smith [ suspect geography including Stony Creek, more atrocities ]
  
  
• "Forced Relocation" [photo of The Monument] , excerpts from the book "Gold, Greed, and Genocide"
  
  "The Achomawi and northeastern Maidu who agreed to be relocated were driven to Round Valley in Mendocino County in 1860. "The removal has taken two weeks and of the 461 Indians who began this miserable trek, only 277 have come to Round Valley. Many died as follows: Men were shot who tried to escape. The sick, or old, or women with children were speared if they could not keep up, bayonets being used to conserve ammunition. Babies were also killed, taken by the feet and swung against trees or rocks to crack their skulls." "
  
  
• NOMLAKI, entry in "CALIFORNIA INDIANS AND THEIR RESERVATIONS: An Online Dictionary (M - P) [ see also other mentions of "Lackee" or "Laki" for the forced removal of other tribes to Covelo -- Examine also the "Population" entry for the drop in California native populations from 300,000 to 400,000 in 1769 before the arrival of whites to 16,500 in 1900. ]
  
  
• The Dark Legacy of Nome Cult, by Jeff Elliott , "The Death March", rape, murder, kidnapping, slavery....
  
  See also For further reading into the history of Round Valley and the genocide of California Natives.
  
  Includes mention of "Genocide and Vendetta, an excellent history of Round Valley" by Lynwood Carranco and Estle Beard (University of Oklahoma, 1981)
  
  All this from the ALBION MONITOR on-line newspaper , Albion Monitor Features, "Round Valley" Feature
  
  
• Round Valley Indian Reservation History
  
  "Indians came to Round Valley as they did to other reservations - by force. The word "drive", widely used at the time, is descriptive of the practice of "rounding up" Indians and "driving" them like cattle to the reservation where they were "corralled" by high picket fences. Such drives took place in all weather and seasons, and the elderly and sick often did not survive."
  
  
• "A History of American Indians in California: HISTORIC SITES - Nome Lackee Indian Reservation , Tehama County
  [ more revealing than the other government sites, a National Park Service "on-line book" page:
  
  Book is "FIVE VIEWS: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California" , California Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of Historic Preservation, December, 1988 , at http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views.htm
  
  Containing the Section: "American Indians in California" , The Santa Barbara Indian Center, Dwight Dutschke, Office of Historic Preservation , at http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views1.htm
  
  Mentions kidnapping and slavery of Indian children, and murder of their parents to accomplish this, at http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views1c.htm ]
  
  
• CERES - California State Historical Landmarks in Tehama County - NO. 357 INDIAN MILITARY POST, NOMI LACKEE INDIAN RESERVATION [ a sort of Government "no comment", identical to entry at... ]
  
  
• Office of Historical Preservation - SCalifornia State Historical Landmarks in Tehama County

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--Mike Barkley, 161 N. Sheridan Ave. #1, Manteca, CA 95336 (H) 209/823-4817
mjbarkl@inreach.com
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